[Survey of the burn wound healing by Iranian traditional medicine from the herbalists or herbal medicine vendors in the Mazandaran province]

A Burn injury is a major health problem in the developing countries. Various treatments were applied for treatment of burn wounds by Iranian traditional medicine for thousands of years ago. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural products based on treatment of burn wounds by herbalists or herbal medicine vendors in the Mazandaran province. This research was a cross-sectional study; and all herbalists or herbal medicine endors were enrolled in this study. Snow ball sampling method was used with a questionnaire. Demographic data, methods of treatment for wounds, itching and pain were collected. The results were analyzed. In this study, 29 herbal and 4 animal based products were recommended by herbal medicine vendors for treatment of burn wounds. The results showed that 77 percent of respondents to treatment of burn wounds by natural products were recommended. Aloe Vera gel was the first choice for treatment of burn that was recommended by the herbalists. These results are interesting to find new drugs for treatment of burn wound healing with regards to Iranian traditional medicine. Since there are limited animal and clinical studies for approval of these natural products, future studies are needed for assessment of these traditional medicines for treatment of burn injuries

Assessment of in vitro maturation and fertilization of BDF1 mice germinal vesicle oocytes with and without cumulus cell after vitrification

Improving pregnancy rate associated with the use of cryopreserved oocytes would be an important advancement in human Assisted Reproductive Technology [ART]. Vitrification allows glasslike solidification of a solution, a physical process, without ice crystal formation in the living cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of the oocytes, in vitro maturation and embryo development vitrified germinal vesicle oocytes after single and stepwise exposure to cryoprotectants. Germinal vesicle oocytes or without cumulus cells were transferred to a verification solution composed of 30% M sucrose [v/v] ethylene glycol, 18% [w/v] Ficoll-70, and 0.3 M sucrose either by single step or in a step-wise fashion. After verification and storage in liquid nitrogen, the oocytes were thawed and washed twice in the medium TCM 119 and then subjected to in vitro maturation, the capacity of fertilization and embryonic development to 2-cell were examined in vitro. The oocytes surviving, maturing to MII, fertilization developmental rate in the step-wise exposure were significantly higher [P<0/05], compared with the corresponding rate in single step procedure. The results of the present study indicated that oocytes vitrified with cumulus cells and stepwise procedure had a positive effect on the maturation and developmental rate than oocytes without cumulus cells and single step procedure

[Assesing the result of exercise test on the patients with typical and atypical chest pain referring to the Mazandaran Cardiac Center in 2007]

The main signs of cardiac disease [particularly the coronary disease] was chest pain and the shortness of breath. ETT is a prognostic and diagnostic tool for assessing the ischemic heart patients. The aim of present study was to determine the results of applicating ETT for patients with typical and atypical chest pain complaints referring to the Mazandaran Cardiac Center 2007. This descriptive study was conducted on 500 patients with typical and non Typical pain referring to the heart centers of Mazandaran province. After the interview, examination and laboratory tests, attended by the researcher and cardiologist, the patients under went ETT [Exercise Tolerance Test] with Tread mill according to Bruce protocol [Bruce Protocol] in four steps. The present study showed the positive effect of exercise test in 80[16%] of cases. The positive test results of exercise test in the cases with typical heart pain was 25 times more than the cases with atypical heart pain. 43[53.75%] of the cases with positive test were male the majority of whom were [41caseses,51.25%] in age range of 51-65 years. 12.5% of cases with positive test and also 78.6% with negative test had atypical pain. getting serious signs and symptoms of various disease serious [especially of the typical and atypical chest pain] is among the main educational priorities for the prevention of cardiac infarction

Frequency of hypodontia among high school students in Qazvin

Hypodontia [Congenital tooth agenesis] is the most common developmental dental anomalies in children. As the lack of teeth can cause psychological, aesthetic, and functional problems, knowledge on prevalence of hypodontia could help in diagnosis and prevention of associated complications. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia among high school students in Qazvin. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 2619 high school students of both sexes in Qazvin during 2006-2007. The frequency of hypodontia without considering the third molars in high school children and also the association between the tooth type, sex, upper or lower arch, and the affected side were investigated using interviews, oral study, and cast and panoramic radiographic examinations. An overall hypodontia frequency of 7.4% was found for the total samples with 7.6% and 7.2% in males and females, respectively. The most frequent missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, mandibular, and maxillary second premolars, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the sexes [p > 0.05]. A higher incidence of missing teeth was observed in maxillary arch compared to mandibular and on the left side rather than the right side [P < 0.001]. The prevalence of hypodontia regardless of third molars was 7.4% among the high school students in Qazvin, a finding consistent with those reported for European countries. The prevalence of this complication was found to be higher among girls yet the difference was insignificant, statistically

[Buserelin inhibits apoptosis in male germ cells induced by busulfan in mouse testis]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of buserelin on apoptosis of male germ cells induced by busulfan in adult male mice. Male adult NMRI mice were divided into four group of eight each. Group 1 [control] administered PBS for 21 days subcutaneously, group 2 given 0.4 micro g buserelin for 21 days subcutaneously, group 3 given single dose of 30 mg/kg busulfan intraperitoneally and group 4 given both busulfan and buserelin for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed and their testes were dissected 35 days after the treatment. Evaluations were made by determining Johnson's score and apoptosis were assayed by terminal- deoxynucleotidyl- transferase-mediated dutp nick end labeling [TUNEL]. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA test. Recovery status and Johnson's score in group 4 were significantly higher than those of busulfan treated group 7.71 +/- 0.69 VS 4.46 +/- 0.56 [p< 0.001]. Apoptotic cells number cells were significantly more numerous in busulfan treated group than those of control 23.28 +/- 7.10 VS 3.54 +/- 1.02 [p<0.001]. While buserelin substantially reduced germ cell apoptosis in fourth group 10.50 +/- 2.91 in comparison with third group 23.28 +/- 7.10, [p<0.001]. Administration of buserelin after testicular damage by busulfan enhances the regeneration of spermatogenesis in mouse through inhibition of apoptosis in germ cells

[Genetic predisposing of P53 codon 72 on developing of breast cancer in postmenopausal women in Isfahan]

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in worldwide. 53P the suppression gene tumor has a principal role in genomic stability and its function is variated by the codon 72 polymorphism

Objective: Investigate the codon 72 polymorphism of P53 and the effect of menopause on the development of invasive breast ductal carcinoma

Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 96 patients with invasive breast ductal carcinoma and their 96 matched controls in Isfahan. The different genotypes of the codon 72 of P53 gene were identified by using allele-specific polymerase-chain reaction. Breast cancer patients were divided into two groups: postmenopausal and premenopausal. Statistical analysis was performed by using chi[2]-test

Results: In control group, the distribution of Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes were 36.5%, 45.8% and 17.7% respectively. The distributions of Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro in case group were 70.8%, 21.9% and 7.3% respectively. There is significant statistical difference in the distribution of P53 codon 72 polymorphism between case and control groups [P<0.001]. In addition, 76% of patients with Arg/Arg genotype were in post-menopause age group [P=0.05]

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the polymorphism of codon 72 P53 is a genetic predisposing factor for the development of invasive breast ductal carcinoma in the studied sample in Isfahan and most of the patients were in postmenopausal age group

[Ulcer repair by spray of epithelial stem cells]

Separation, prolifration of stem cells and repairing of injured parts using these cells. This was a Lab-Experimental study. We used 6 male albino rabbits. At first, under general anesthesia 5x5 cm2 full thickness skin from one of the rabbits separated, washed using 70% alcohol and inserted in cold HBSS. Then it was cut into 4-6 mm pieces, washed again and incubated in Tripsin -EDTA 0.1% for 30 minutes at 37C. The cell suspention was then centrifuged and resuspended in DMEM culture. After 10 days the cells separated from the bed using Tripsin method. In experimental group the wounds were sprayed with 2 ml cultured keratinocytes cells and bandaged with vazeline. In control group just the skin was removed and the wounds healed withought cell spray. At the end of 4th week all rats were sacrificed, the repaired regions separated and studied with H and E and tricrom mason staining. In cell studies, the colonies of stem cells were visible using special staining. In Histological studies the epiderm of repaired wounds with cells were normal but the keratoid layers were thiner than normal skin. No sweat gland was observed. Other findings were: shorter finger, nodes, regular collagen fiber in dermal layer and wider vesseles. This method of cell culture would repaire a wide region and obtain a normal skin in a little time

[ effect of upper airway obstructive surgery on respiratory symtoms and Spo2]

The obstruction of the upper respiratory tract [URT] is one of the most important reasons patients' recurrent referral to the ENT clinic. Adentonsilar hypertrophy is almost common reason of the upper respiratory tract obstruction, and it will cause some changes in lung volumes and also in blood gases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of tonsillectomy on respiratory symptoms and arterial blood oxygen saturation. In a clinical trials study, in a pre and post operative manner, 62, 2-14 years old children were imposed to adentonsilectomy in an easy sampling way. The respiratory symptoms such as: snoring, dyspnea, feeling airway obstruction, mouth breathing and oxygen saturated hemogolobin condition [Spo2], prior to surgery and one month after operation, has been studied and recorded. The results were compared with paired t-test. In a preoperative manner, 80% of patients had mouth breathing symptom and mouth dryness which were reduced to 10% after surgery. Spo2 measurement had no significant difference before and after surgery, and, it was in a normal range. The correction of respiratory obstruction due to adenotonsilar hypertrophy does not make any changes in arterial blood oxygen. The surgery which is used for correction of these obstruction, will just improve the clinical respiratory symptoms such as snoring and mouth breathing

[Evaluation of drug-resistance pseudomonas and staphylococcal infections in admitted burned patients in Zareh hospital, Sari in 2003-2004]

Nosocomial infection is an important prognostic factor in out comes of burned patients. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 82 burned patients and related medical equipment were assessed in zareh hospital in 2033-2004. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus areus were found in 69[51.4%] and 31 [23.2%] of 134 clinical specimens respectively. Hence it is mandatory to plan programs for redusing harmful and resistance bacterial infection in this patients

[Assessment of knowledge attitude and practice of trainees on neonatal resuscitation in the healthcare center affiliated to the University of Medical Science of Mazandaran]

There are more than five million neonatal death around the world of which%19 was because of Asphyxia at birth time. In our country, there has been educational program in order to decrease the mortality caused by Asphyxia and to practice a scientific method for resuscitation. This study was conducted to determine the rate of knowledge, attitude and practice for every learner of neonatal resuscitation in the governmental current study was a descriptive cross sectional done on All Trainees who had professional direct contact with birth Asphyxia. We selected exactly 137 people who had attended Neonatal Resuscitation Workshop for three days. The subjects under the study were%62/8 midwife and%89/8 women. Data show that% 44.5 had good knowledge and% 11.7 had very good knowledge on neonatal Resuscitation. The highest acknowledge was%93/4 and%89/1 on chest compression and breath stimulation way respectively. Data also suggested that totally% 96.34 of the subjects had good and very good attitudes towards neonatal resuscitation. The results show that only% 38.4 of the subjects under the study had a good level practice and their attitudes in terms of age were significantly different [P<0.01]. Also, their practice on job showed a significant difference [P<0.017]. In the study, there was a converse relation between age and professional experience which was r = 0.25 and r = 0.26, respectively. Results obtained suggest that the amount of knowledge and practice for the subjects under the study was average, but their attitudes towards neonatal resuscitation was good. There fore, according to the positive attitude of the subjects,there must be a trend to promote knowledge and practice

[Assessment of satisfaction rate among the working staff of Mazandaran University of supplemental insurance company in 2005]

The range of medical services is so large that rendering services under the support of medical insurance is not possible for the insurance companies. Many of the patients need the supplemental insurance, specially when this type of insurance completes the general medical insurance. Clients' consent with the health service center is undeniable nowadays. This study was performed to determine the rate of working staff's consent at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences of the supplemental insurance company in Sari. In a descriptive study, 120 out patients and hospitalized patients who had benefitted from the supplemental insurance for once company underwent the study. Data collected by questionnaire were confirmed on account of P validity to be used in the pilot study. Also, data were analyzed in descriptive method with SPSS software. The obtained results were as follows; 63 [%52.5] were male, 79 subjects aged 30-49 years [65.8%], 63 had higher education [52.5%], 90 were married [75%]. 54 [%45] subjects were hospitalized with cardiovascular disease and digestive problems. Also 72 subjects [%60] had the history of 3 days hospitalization. Sonography was the method of treatment [43%] that was used for%43 of them. Regarding the purpose of the study, many of the subjects under the study, [51.7%], were satisfied with the supplemental insurance company in terms of behavior, 64 subjects [%53.3] with insurance compancy's cooperation and finally 59 subjects [%49.2] were pleased with the organization's commitment to its responsibility. The X2 test showed that there is significant relationship among the age, education number of hospitalization, the reason of hospitalization, diagnostic procedures, and the rate of satisfactions p<0.001. This finding indicates knowledge, relation with the medical care centers, type and quality of rendered services. Therefore, it is suggested that a logical planning be conducted by the authorities of the insurance company to achieve the utmost degree of satisfaction

[Accuracy of double stethoscope device for blood pressure evaluation]

Blood pressure [BP] is routinely evaluated intermittently during the clinical status for care and treatment. The most common method to measure BP is by using the sphygmomanometer with a stethoscope. This method may be difficult for medical students that will use BP for medical evaluation. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of double stethoscope device for blood pressure monitoring, with standard ausculatory measurements using a mercury sphygmomanometer. In this distinguished report, 65 volunteer participants were studied. Means, standard deviations and Systolic, Diastolic pressure were calculated. The correlation between groups was determined with Pearson correlation. Mean difference in systolic, Diastolic Blood pressure between standard and routine method with double stethoscope method measurements, was not significant [P<0.001] and were in agreement with Pearson correlation between them. This study demonstrates that the double stethoscope device provides an accurate measure of blood pressure that is closely approximates with what is achieved by the indirect auscultator method, using a mercury sphygmomanometer

[ effect of vitamin E in prevention of developmental defects of diabetic rats embryos]

Introduction: Now days it is proven that maternal hyperglycemia increases production of free radicals and decreases antioxidants in the embryonic cells and through this it injures the embryos of diabetic mothers. Therefore it seems that use of antioxidants can decrease deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on embryos

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin E in control of embryonic developmental disorders in diabetic rats

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 65-mg/kg streptozotocin in Wister female rats with 250-300g weights and was placed with healthy male rats in the same cage for mating. Then they were divided into two groups. One group received 150 mg/kg Vitamin E per day from the first day of pregnancy. Animals were killed on day 13 of gestation and embryos were collected and examined for number, size and incidence of malformations in cerebral hemispheres, cranial and caudal neuropors, upper and lower limb buds, otic and lens placodes using an stereomicroscope. Then, One Way ANOVA compared the means of length, number of reabsorbed and achieved embryos in three groups. The incidences of malformations in the groups were compared by Chi-Square test

Results: Findings show a significant difference between control group and experimental diabetic group when achieved and reabsorbed embryos counted. Frequencies of malformed embryos [at least one diagnosed malformation] in control group were 1% and in diabetic and treated diabetic groups were 46.3% and 11.6% respectively. Result showed that the incidence of embryonic malformation significantly decreased in diabetic rates, that received vitamin E and there was a significant difference in diabetes and treated diabetic groups [P<0.001]

Conclusion: þThe results shows that Vitamin E supplementation in early stages of pregnancy in diabetic mothers can prevent deleterious effects of diabetes

[Anaesthesiologists H attitude towards preoperative patients education needs in 2005]

lack of information about anaesthisia and fear of post operation contiousness, pain, nausea and vomiting increases the patientsH anxiety. There are various reports about patiensH desire for preoperation information in Iran and other countries. However, there is no study related to anaesthesiologistsH view about patientsH needs before anaesthesia and operation in the literature. This descriptive [cross- sectional] study was done in 2005 on 110 anaesthesiologists working in hospitals of Mazandaran province. Questionnaire containing 4 questions about demographic and 18 questions related to anaesthesia was prepared. Attitude of the anaesthesiologists was divided into 5 categories based on Likert rating scale as follows: completely agreed, agreed, partially agreed, not agreed, completely not agreed. Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results of this study showed that the most positive attitude of anaesthesiologists about patient teaching was related to the proper explanation about duration of N.P.O before operation [%97.3].%52.7 of anaes the siologists were against giving explanation of the duration of N.P.O and post operation possible problems. In this regard no significant difference was observed between educational and non educational hospitals [P<0.018]. No significant difference in terms of attitude was observed between anaesthesiologists at different level of education [P<0.07]. Considering the positive attitude of the anaesthesiologists towards education and preoperation of the patients, it is recommended that such education be implemented and the patients be charged for preoperation consultation in order to give explanation about anaesthesia at proper time, when needed

[Comparison of the effects of different doses of ketamine propofol on haemodynamic changes of the patients during induction of anesthesia]

The aim of this prospective, clinical trial study was to investigate whether the administration of different doses of ketamine before induction with propofol imporves its associated haemodynamic propofol during induction and tracheal intubation. One hundered and thirty adult patients ASA I were randomly allocated to one of six groups to receive either propofol 2 mg/kg [n= 23], propofol 1.75 mg/kg with ketamine 0.25 mg/kg [n=21], propofol 1.5 mg/kg with ketamine 0.5 mg/kg [n=20], propofol 1.25 mg/kg with ketamine 0.75 mg/kg [n=21], propofol 1 mg/kg with ketamine 1 mg/kg [n=24], and ketamine group alone 2 mg/kg [n=21]. Ketamine was administered prior to induction with propofol, relaxant and tracheal intubaion. Systolic, diastolic pressure and heart rate were automatically recorded before induction [Baseline], immediately after induction, and 1, 5 and 10 min after tracheal intubation by Armita devices. Systolic, diastolic pressure and palse rate were not significantly different in different groups befor the induction. However theses difference were significant after the induction of anesthesia [P<0.001]. The highest increase and decrease in blood pressure occurred in ketamine and propofol groups respectively. Haemodynamic stability was much better in patients anesthetized using propofol plus 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg ketamine. We conclude that the addition of ketamine 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg improves haemodynamics when compared to ketamine 2 mg/kg alone or propofol 2 mg/kg during induction of anesthesia

Awareness during general anesthesia for caesarian section

Awareness during general anesthesia is a frightening experience that often causes patients to panic and feel helpless even when there is no pain and no feel of body movement and manipulation by the surgeon. Awareness monitoring is still complicated and controversial. Now a days this is based on electroencephalography data such as the bispectral index [BIS] or spectral edge frequency [SEF]. However, there are not such divices for awareness monitoring during anesthesia at our medical centers. The postoperative interview is most frequently used for awareness monitoring. The validity of this method is questionable however, given the imperfect relation between awareness and memory. After approval by the Mazandaran University human investigation committee, we consented and included women ASA I whom undergon caesarian section under general anesthesia. The anesthetic procedure was standardized. Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone after loss of the evelash reflex, the lungs were ventilated with 100% oxygen. Patients were interviewed 24h after operation. The principal investigators classified each patient report as awareness condition for example dreaming, feeling manipulation and etc. p<0.05 was considered as significant. One of the most common intraoperative awareness was related to hearing the sound of conversations between personnel or divices and instruments [2.8%]. The most frequent condition of awareness during anesthesia was being unable to move the body [7.9%]. Dreaming during general anesthesia for caesarian section was observed in 2.3% of the patients. The limited use of drug during caesarian section leads to slight increase in awareness during general anesthesia. We conclude that it is important to monitor awareness during surgery. Our data showed that post operative interview is a useful method when BIS or SEF tools for monitoring of awareness during general anesthesia are not available

[ comparison change in endotracheal tube cuff pressure between air and Lidocaine and N[2]O with O[2] cuff inflation during general anesthesia]

The Cuff of the endotracheal tube is securing for Mechanical Ventilation during anesthesia. Diffusion of N2O into the Cuff results in an increase in Cuff pressure. The different method was used for the control of Cuff pressure, but may have difficulty and side effect. This study was to determine whether inflating the ETT Cuff with Air, Lidocain 1% or N[2]O with O[2], prevent the increase in Cuff pressure during N[2]O nesthesia. In this randomized control trial study after obtating ethics committee 224 patients went understudy, these patients divided in two bloks [Sufe, Roach] and the one of the each blok were randomized into three groups. Group, air lidocaine 1% N[2]O with O[2] difficult intubation and the film anesthesia with less than 30-min were excluded. All patients were similarly anesthetized and performed tracheal intubation. The pilot balloon of the endotracheal tube Cuff was connected to a Japanese pressure manometer. The first pressure was measured immediately and further reading at 10-minute intervals for 70 minutes. The results were readings analysed using T- test, paired t test, Anova and the Chisquare test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Cuff pressure increased gradually during anesthesia in-group air but remained stable in group's lidocaine and N[2]O with O[2]. The Cuff pressure had significant differences between the supa and Roach groups in all of the times during anesthesia [P<0.05]. Inflating the ETT Cuff with lidocaine 1% or N[2]O/ oxygen mixtures are methods of keeping intracuff pressure stable during N[2]O anesthesia due to N[2]O diffusion the Cuff tube causes increase the Cuff pressure. We suggest that continuous monitoring of the UCP during anesthesia to be carried out